Очень часто симптомы деменции схожи. Не всегда даже опытные врачи могут с уверенностью сказать, каким именно типом деменции страдает человек. Некоторые люди могут страдать от различных типов деменции одновременно, врачи называют это явление «смешанная деменция». В статье разберем основные типы.
Симптомы, характерные для болезни Альцгеймера
Самая частая причина деменции — болезнь Альцгеймера. Общие симптомы болезни Альцгеймера включают:
- проблемы с памятью, такие как регулярное забывание недавних событий, имен и лиц
- задавание одних и тех же вопросов повторно
- возрастающие трудности с задачами и действиями, требующими организации и планирования
- потеря ориентации в незнакомой обстановке
- трудности с поиском правильных слов
- трудности с числами и / или обращением с деньгами в магазинах
- становятся более замкнутым или тревожным
- повышенная подозрительность с чертами параноидального бреда
- замена истинных воспоминаний на вымышленные, которые могут иметь весьма причудливый характер
Симптомы, характерные для сосудистой деменции
Сосудистая деменция — вторая по частоте причина деменции после болезни Альцгеймера. Некоторые люди страдают как сосудистой деменцией, так и болезнью Альцгеймера, которую часто называют «смешанной деменцией».
Симптомы сосудистой деменции похожи на болезнь Альцгеймера, хотя потеря памяти может быть не так очевидна на ранних стадиях.
Специфические симптомы могут включать:
- симптомы, похожие на инсульт: в том числе мышечная слабость или временный паралич одной стороны тела (эти симптомы требуют срочной медицинской помощи)
- проблемы с движением — трудности при ходьбе или изменение походки человека
- проблемы с мышлением — трудности с вниманием, планированием и рассуждением
- изменения настроения — депрессия и склонность становиться более эмоциональным
Симптомы, характерные для деменции с тельцами Леви
Деменция с тельцами Леви имеет многие симптомы болезни Альцгеймера, и люди с этим заболеванием обычно также испытывают:
- периоды бодрствования или сонливости или колебания уровня собственной тревожности
- зрительные галлюцинации (видение вещей, которых нет)
- становятся медленнее в своих физических движениях
- неоднократные падения и обмороки
- нарушения сна
Симптомы, характерные для лобно-височной деменции
Болезнь Альцгеймера по-прежнему является наиболее распространенным типом деменции у людей моложе 65 лет, у более высокого процента людей в этой возрастной группе может развиться лобно-височная деменция, чем у пожилых людей. Большинство случаев диагностируется у людей в возрасте 45-65 лет.
Ранние симптомы лобно-височной деменции могут включать:
- изменения личности — снижение чувствительности к чувствам других, из-за чего люди кажутся холодными и бесчувственными
- отсутствие социальной осведомленности — неуместные шутки или проявление отсутствия такта, хотя некоторые люди могут стать очень замкнутыми и апатичными
- языковые проблемы — трудности с поиском нужных слов или их пониманием
- становятся навязчивым — например, пристрастие к необычной пище, переедание и питье
Если в описании симптомов, вы заметили схожесть в поведении близкого человека. Не ставьте диагноз самостоятельно, проконсультируйтесь с врачом. Установка верного диагноза и следование терапии на ранней стадии развития синдрома, значительно продлят самостоятельность и качество жизни вашего близкого.
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